I WORK WITH APPROPRIATED IMAGES, MY OWN PHOTOGRAPHY, AND MATERIAL COLLECTED FROM OLD MEDIA. THE WORK INVOLVES REPRODUCTION, REFORMATTING, AND TRANSFER BETWEEN DIGITAL AND PHYSICAL STATES. I CONDUCT OPTICAL EXPERIMENTS USING CAMERAS, LENSES, SCANNERS, PROJECTORS, AND MODIFIED HARDWARE. THESE TESTS PRODUCE VISUAL DATA THAT IS RECORDED, REPHOTOGRAPHED, OR CONVERTED INTO PRINTED FORM. THE ZINES FUNCTION AS TECHNICAL RECORDS OF THESE PROCESSES. EACH EDITION DOCUMENTS A CLOSED SET OF MATERIALS, CONDITIONS, AND DEVICES. ALL WORK IS PRODUCED, CATALOGUED, AND DISTRIBUTED AS PHYSICAL PUBLICATIONS.